May 17, 2020 · The VOC measurement method adopted in this study was principally based on the TO-17 methodology established by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (USEPA 1999a). The VOCs were collected by drawing air through a stainless steel tube (0.6 cm × 9 cm, Perkin Elmer, UK) containing 100 mg of Carbotrap C or Tenax-TA (at the